Laboratory Products

How laser particle size measuring instruments determine particle size distributions

Aug 06 2021

Author: Dr Günther Crolly on behalf of Fritsch GmbH

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Modern quality control cannot be imagined without laser diffraction for fast, reliable particle size determination: in the food, building materials and chemical industries, as well as for incoming and outgoing inspection of raw materials where particle size is essential for the processing of the material, the quality of the end product or for controlling individual process steps where the size distribution of intermediate products is determined. 

Measuring principle

The underlying principle of laser diffraction is very simple: diffraction, respectively scattering of light on a particle produces behind the particle an angle-dependent intensity distribution, which consists of a ring system with light and dark areas. Depending on the particle size, the intervals of the light and dark areas vary, whereas the small particles generate large ring intervals and large particles lead to intensity distributions with closely bordering rings. With the aid of the Mie-theory the distances of the rings can be exactly calculated, whereas with sufficiently large particle diameters the so called Fraunhofer- approximation can be utilised.  

Practical realisation 

The ANALYSETTE 22 NeXT works with only one laser and does not require an additional light source for backward scattering. Therefore, it captures the entire measuring range with a single image. This makes your work significantly faster, if necessary, you can perform more measurements in the same time and watch live how the measurement result develops.
Compared to comparable instruments of other manufacturers, the instrument captures a significantly increased scattering angle range as the measuring cell is arranged at an angle to the laser beam. This makes the decisive difference especially in the fine range.
Due to its ultramodern electronics, the core of which are extremely fast, high-resolution converters, the ANALYSETTE 22 NeXT acquires the signals of all detector elements simultaneously. It therefore always delivers the entire scattered light distribution at exactly the same time and transmits it to the software several hundred times per second.  

Figure 1: The ANALYSETTE 22 NeXT with the measuring cell pulled out.

Dispersing parameters 

For most samples, wet dispersion offers the ideal form of preparation for particle size measurement. Here the sample material is fed into a closed liquid circuit and continuously transported through a measuring cell. Depending on the material, the typical concentration is in the range of hundredths to tenths of a percent by volume.

Variable dispersion options

The flexibility of the dispersion possibilities is of central importance for modern laser particle sizers. For example, the wet dispersion unit of ANALYSETTE 22 NeXT from Fritsch GmbH offers the option to control the pump speed as well as to work with and without ultrasound.
Through the cleverly reduced construction and a solid, robust technology, the dispersion unit of the ANALYSETTE 22 NeXT is especially durable and practically maintenance-free.
The complete omission of valves and movable seals in the sample circuit ensures that no dead spaces are created and that no sample material can accumulate and settle. The level is measured contact-free with the aid of an ultrasonic sensor without contamination or wear. If samples are frequently measured which tend to agglomerate, the instrument can be additionally equipped with a powerful ultrasonic box which is simply inserted into the sample circulation. It allows an even finer adjustment of the wet dispersion to the respective sample and works extremely quietly with less than 45 dB.
Additionally, a variable liquid volume between 150 ml and 500 ml can be selected. All parts in the sample circuit that come into contact with the dispersion medium are made of high-quality stainless steel 316L, PTFE, FFKM, FEP, FKM, BK7 glass and silicone and are suitable for benzene, alcohol and many organic solvents as suspension liquid.  

Conclusion  

With the completely revised ANALYSETTE 22 NeXT you choose according to your requirements: the ANALYSETTE 22 NeXT Micro with a measuring range of 0.5 - 1500 μm for all common measurement tasks, or the high-end instrument ANALYSETTE 22 NeXT Nano with an extra wide measuring range of 0.01 - 3800 μm for highest accuracy and sensitivity for smallest particles, with additional detector system.
Ensure all decisive advantages with the model that fits your needs: extremely easy operation and cleaning, short analysis times, reliably reproducible results and the acquisition of additional parameters such as temperature and pH value during wet dispersion. State-of-the-art technology at an unbeatable price.

Measuring examples

Figure 2 shows as a measuring example the cumulative curve for three different dairy products. For this, a small amount of the sample material was added to the liquid closed loop and treated for a set time with ultrasound. Clearly distinguishable is that the finest particles are that of the homogenised milk, whereas the cream shows substantially larger droplets of fat.

Measuring chocolate

A second example shows the measuring of four different types of chocolate samples, two milk chocolates and two brands with a very high cocoa content. Here the milk chocolate shows the clearly larger particle size diameters and further the more expensive product (black) shows a somewhat finer particle size distribution than the less expensive milk chocolate, which is expressed in a somewhat softer texture. With the bitter chocolate a clear difference becomes evident: a chocolate with 99% cocoa content (red) is again clearly finer than a chocolate with 70% cocoa content.   

Figure 2: Particle size distribution of homogenised milk (red) and cream (blue) measured with the ANALYSETTE 22 NeXT.

Figure 3: Measured cumulative curves of four different kinds of chocolate with an ANALYSETTE 22 NeXT. Important when measuring chocolate is the utilisation of a suitable solvent, otherwise the measuring cells quickly become soiled and the reproducibility of the measurement clearly suffers.

Get into Contact with our Application Consultants
Experience the FRITSCH Laser Particle Sizers ANALYSETTE 22 NeXT virtually directly at your workplace and discuss your specific application with application consultant Maik Paluga - paluga@fritsch.de or product manager Dr Günther Crolly - crolly@fritsch.de. They will be happy to answer all your questions concerning particle sizing. Arrange a virtual consultation appointment now at: www.fritsch-international.com/appointment.
Further information on Laser Particle Sizers ANALYSETTE 22 NeXT, you can find at www.fritsch-international.com/a-22next
You can also send Fritsch a sample of your choice. They will conduct, as part of a product recommendation, a particle size analysis and send you an individual analysis report. This request can be made at www.fritsch-international.com/service/sample-analysis.

 

 

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