Protein plays vital role in mouse pregnancy

A protein first demonstrated to function in the liver is vital in pregnancy in mice and plays a central role in the human menstrual cycle, according to new laboratory research. 

Scientists from the University of Montreal discovered that mice that were genetically engineered not to produce the liver receptor homolog-1 (Lrh-1) molecule were unable to create the uterine conditions required for establishing and sustaining pregnancy. 

 According to scientists, the lack of this molecule resulted in defective placentas.

It was then found that Lhr-1 was present in the human uterus, and the essential processes related to the success of early gestation, according to the study, which was published in the Nature Medicine journal. 

Lead author Bruce Murphy, from the university’s Animal Reproduction Centre, explained: "We previously showed that Lrh-1 is essential for ovulation. Our newest studies have revealed that it is plays an important role in the uterus, raising the possibility that Lrh-1 deficiency contributes to human gestational failure.”

He continued that the scientists worked with mice before looking at human tissues, and warned that it could be premature to propose determination of Lrh-1 in uterine biopsies as a diagnostic tool. However the research team is working on determining the receptor’s pattern of expression across the menstrual cycle.

The researchers also looked into whether hormone replacement therapy could restore the normal uterine functions of mice. 

It was found that progesterone did not make a difference. However, hormone therapy did allow the embryos to implant, although the scientists observed problems with the lining of the uterus, compromised formation of the placenta, fetal growth retardation and fetal death. 

 "However, there are new Lrh-1 agonists and antagonists, currently in clinical trials to treat hepatic consequences of type II diabetes, and thus therapeutic intervention might be possible," Murphy added.